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膎汁 · Hokkien (Amoy)
noun · Hokkien (Amoy)
Transliteration: kôe-chiap
Fish sauce. Fish sauce or brine of preserved fish or shellfish.
Date not yet researched — No word-specific date established in the inspected sources.
Min Nan reference region / Fujian — Glottolog language reference point; not an origin, borrowing site or territorial boundary.
Merriam-Webster gives Southern Min kôe-chiap (Xiamen) or kê-chiap (Zhangzhou), directly or through Malay kecap, as the source of English ketchup. Word History — Etymology
膎汁 is listed as a dated Hokkien noun for fish sauce or brine from preserved fish or shellfish; Douglas’s Amoy form is cited as kôe-chiap. Chinese — Noun; Further reading, Douglas 1873
Malay kecap, also kicap, is a sauce noun from Hokkien. Its Jawi spelling is کيچڤ. The separate lip-smacking and gecko homographs are excluded. Malay — Etymology 1; Noun
Jurafsky supports Southern Min involvement while leaving English acquisition through Indonesian kecap or directly from Hokkien traders open. Paragraphs beginning “How did the British acquire” and “Another possibility”
Jurafsky supports the Southern Min fish-sauce etymon and argues against a Cantonese tomato-sauce source. Discussion of Douglas (1873), Southern Min fish sauce and the Cantonese proposal
De la Cruz-Cabanillas records an inconclusive Cantonese proposal by Chan and Kwok against the Amoy account. p. 266, §3.2, Amoy
Glottolog supplies the reference coordinates for Min Nan Chinese. LanguageTable row minn1241
kecap · Malay
noun · Malay
Reading: Reading not yet researched
Sauce. A sauce noun, also kicap, written کيچڤ in Jawi. Its possible mediation into English remains qualified.
Date not yet researched — No word-specific date established in the inspected sources.
Malay reference region — Glottolog language reference point; not an origin, borrowing site or territorial boundary.
Merriam-Webster gives Southern Min kôe-chiap (Xiamen) or kê-chiap (Zhangzhou), directly or through Malay kecap, as the source of English ketchup. Word History — Etymology
Malay kecap, also kicap, is a sauce noun from Hokkien. Its Jawi spelling is کيچڤ. The separate lip-smacking and gecko homographs are excluded. Malay — Etymology 1; Noun
Jurafsky supports Southern Min involvement while leaving English acquisition through Indonesian kecap or directly from Hokkien traders open. Paragraphs beginning “How did the British acquire” and “Another possibility”
Glottolog supplies the reference coordinates for Standard Malay. LanguageTable row stan1306
ketchup · English
noun · English
Reading: Reading not yet researched
Sauces generally. The older general sauce word, used for preparations with varied ingredients.
c. 1690 · sauce word — Reported written use; not the date of coinage or transmission.
English reference region / Britain — Glottolog language reference point; not an origin, borrowing site or territorial boundary.
Merriam-Webster gives Southern Min kôe-chiap (Xiamen) or kê-chiap (Zhangzhou), directly or through Malay kecap, as the source of English ketchup. Word History — Etymology
English ketchup first referred to a Southeast Asian sauce and then a variety of sauces, including mushroom and fish-based preparations. Tomato ketchup became predominant by the late nineteenth century. English — Etymology; Noun, older sauce sense
Merriam-Webster reports English ketchup around 1690. Word History — First Known Use
Ketchup has a usual tomato-sauce meaning and an older broader sauce meaning. Catsup and catchup are alternative spellings. English — Alternative forms; Noun, senses 1 and 2
Jurafsky supports Southern Min involvement while leaving English acquisition through Indonesian kecap or directly from Hokkien traders open. Paragraphs beginning “How did the British acquire” and “Another possibility”
Glottolog supplies the reference coordinates for English. LanguageTable row stan1293
ketchup · English
noun · English
Reading: KETCH-up
Tomato condiment. Usually a seasoned tomato condiment. Broader sauce uses continue alongside this dominant use.
c. late 1800s — Editorial last-quarter range for the source’s late-nineteenth-century predominance statement. Not a first tomato attestation.
Location not yet researched — No distinct geographical origin is asserted for the tomato-sense development.
English ketchup first referred to a Southeast Asian sauce and then a variety of sauces, including mushroom and fish-based preparations. Tomato ketchup became predominant by the late nineteenth century. English — Etymology; Noun, older sauce sense
Ketchup has a usual tomato-sauce meaning and an older broader sauce meaning. Catsup and catchup are alternative spellings. English — Alternative forms; Noun, senses 1 and 2
The English entry lists /ˈkɛt͡ʃ.əp/ as one pronunciation. English — Pronunciation