Potato — Lexography

Journey of meaning

7 forms

Separate contributor

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The potato journey, in text

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batata · Taíno (proposed)
noun · Taíno (proposed)
Reading: Historical reading not established
Sweet potato.. Conventional Taíno attribution of the Antillean sweet-potato name; the exact source language remains qualified.
No secure word-specific date — Batch 05 inspected the retained lexical evidence for batata (Taíno (proposed)) and did not find a stronger field-specific witness. A contextual period, object history or institutional date is not substituted for a lexical witness.
Taíno reference region — Glottolog language reference point; not an origin, borrowing site or territorial boundary.
Spanish batata is Antillean in origin, possibly Taíno. Etymology and noun senses
Glottolog supplies the reference coordinates for Taino. LanguageTable row tain1254
batata · Spanish
noun · Spanish
Reading: ba-TA-ta
Sweet potato; one input to patata.. Sweet potato; one input to patata.
1516 · Spanish batata record — A dated lexical witness at the displayed sense; not a crop-history, origin or oral-transfer date.
Spanish reference region — Glottolog language reference point; not an origin, borrowing site or territorial boundary.
Spanish batata is Antillean in origin, possibly Taíno. Etymology and noun senses
Spanish patata combines the Spanish words papa and batata. Etymology
The inspected entry supports the retained conventional reading for batata. Batch 05 reading inspection for batata
Peter Martyr d'Anghiera is reported using batatas in Spain in 1516. Preview pp. 8–9, Spanish chronology
A recent Cambridge account challenges the DLE papa-plus-batata blend analysis because early batata and patata both denoted sweet potato before the cited Spanish papa record. Preview pp. 8–10, route analysis
Glottolog supplies a reference coordinate for Spanish. LanguageTable row stan1288; Name, Latitude, Longitude
papa · Quechua
noun · Quechua
Reading: Historical reading not established
Common potato; source of Spanish papa.. Common potato; source of Spanish papa.
1560 · Quechua lexicon — A dated lexical witness at the displayed sense; not a crop-history, origin or oral-transfer date.
Quechua reference region — Glottolog language reference point; not an origin, borrowing site or territorial boundary.
Spanish papa comes from Quechua papa and contributes to Spanish patata. papa², etymology and noun senses
The 1560 Quechua–Castilian lexicon records papa as an earth tuber. Quechua–Castilian papa entry
Glottolog supplies a reference coordinate for Quechua. LanguageTable reference row for Quechua
papa · Spanish
noun · Spanish
Reading: PA-pa
Common potato; the Quechua-derived input to patata.. Common potato; the Quechua-derived input to patata.
1540 · Spanish papa record — A dated lexical witness at the displayed sense; not a crop-history, origin or oral-transfer date.
Spanish reference region — Glottolog language reference point; not an origin, borrowing site or territorial boundary.
Spanish papa comes from Quechua papa and contributes to Spanish patata. papa², etymology and noun senses
Spanish patata combines the Spanish words papa and batata. Etymology
The inspected entry supports the retained conventional reading for papa. Batch 05 reading inspection for papa
DCECH is reported to document Spanish papa from Quechua in 1540. Preview p. 8, Spanish chronology
A recent Cambridge account challenges the DLE papa-plus-batata blend analysis because early batata and patata both denoted sweet potato before the cited Spanish papa record. Preview pp. 8–10, route analysis
Glottolog supplies a reference coordinate for Spanish. LanguageTable row stan1288; Name, Latitude, Longitude
patata · Spanish
noun · Spanish
Reading: pa-TA-ta
Sweet potato; later potato terminology.. Spanish blend of batata and papa; its formation date and the relation between its early senses remain unverified.
1526 · Spanish patata record — A dated lexical witness at the displayed sense; not a crop-history, origin or oral-transfer date.
Spanish reference region — Glottolog language reference point; not an origin, borrowing site or territorial boundary.
Spanish patata is analyzed as a blend, not simply an unchanged Taíno loan. Etymology
English potato is dated to the 1560s for sweet potato, from Spanish patata. potato(n.)
The English entry supplies regional potato readings. English > Pronunciation
Spanish patata combines the Spanish words papa and batata. Etymology
The inspected entry supports the retained conventional reading for patata. Batch 05 reading inspection for patata
OED and CORDE evidence is reported for Spanish patata as a batata variant in 1526. Preview pp. 8–9, Spanish chronology
A recent Cambridge account challenges the DLE papa-plus-batata blend analysis because early batata and patata both denoted sweet potato before the cited Spanish papa record. Preview pp. 8–10, route analysis
Glottolog supplies the reference coordinates for Spanish. LanguageTable row stan1288
potato · English
noun · English
Reading: puh-TAY-toh
Sweet potato; the original English application of the name.. Sweet potato; the original English application of the name.
1565 · English sweet-potato use — A dated lexical witness at the displayed sense; not a crop-history, origin or oral-transfer date.
English reference region / Britain — Glottolog language reference point; not an origin, borrowing site or territorial boundary.
Spanish patata is analyzed as a blend, not simply an unchanged Taíno loan. Etymology
English potato is dated to the 1560s for sweet potato, from Spanish patata. potato(n.)
The English entry supplies regional potato readings. English > Pronunciation
By the 1590s the name extended to the common white potato, native to Peru, through resemblance between edible tubers. potato(n.)
The English entry supplies regional potato readings. English > Pronunciation
English potatoes is reported for the sweet potato in John Hawkins's 1565 account. Preview p. 9, English chronology
Glottolog supplies the reference coordinates for English. LanguageTable row stan1293
potato · English
noun · English
Reading: puh-TAY-toh
The common white potato or edible tuber.. The common white potato or edible tuber.
1597 · English common-potato use — A dated lexical witness at the displayed sense; not a crop-history, origin or oral-transfer date.
English reference region / Britain — Glottolog language reference point; not an origin, borrowing site or territorial boundary.
English potato is dated to the 1560s for sweet potato, from Spanish patata. potato(n.)
The English entry supplies regional potato readings. English > Pronunciation
By the 1590s the name extended to the common white potato, native to Peru, through resemblance between edible tubers. potato(n.)
The English entry supplies regional potato readings. English > Pronunciation
Gerard's 1597 Herball is reported as the first known English potato use for Solanum tuberosum. Preview p. 9, English chronology
Glottolog supplies the reference coordinates for English. LanguageTable row stan1293

Relationships

patata → potato: borrowing, documented. English potato first names the sweet potato in the reported route. Etymology potato(n.)English > Pronunciation

potato → potato: semantic-change, qualified. The existing English dictionary reports a later extension to the common potato. This does not establish that the change occurred only in English, independently of Spanish naming. potato(n.)English > Pronunciation potato(n.)English > Pronunciation

batata → batata: borrowing, qualified. Antillean source, conventionally identified as Taíno. Etymology and noun senses

papa → papa: borrowing, documented. DLE identifies Quechua papa as the source of Spanish papa; variety and date are unspecified. papa², etymology and noun senses

batata → patata: derivation, documented. Early Spanish patata is documented as a variant of batata with the sweet-potato sense. DLE additionally analyzes patata as a blend with papa; the competing chronology is exposed on the parallel papa edge. Etymology Preview pp. 8–10, route analysis

papa → patata: derivation, alternative. DLE treats papa as one input to a blend, but the Cambridge chronology argues that patata existed with the sweet-potato sense before the cited Spanish papa record. Papa influence therefore remains a visible alternative, not a documented required step. Etymology Preview pp. 8–10, route analysis

Inspect the evidence 25 claims

Open a claim to follow the source and our interpretation.

01Glottolog supplies the reference coordinates for Taino.
Source
Glottolog 5.3 — language reference coordinatesHammarström, Forkel, Haspelmath & Bank; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLanguageTable row tain1254
Source passage
Reference record
tain1254 · Taino · Latitude 18.2836 · Longitude -66.8042
LanguageTable row tain1254; Name, Latitude, Longitude
Qualification Reference only
Language reference coordinates, not a word origin, borrowing site, historical territory or population distribution.
What Lexography infers
Use this point only to orient Taíno reference region; no historical movement is inferred.
Checked 2026-09-11 · revision 072ca0d0410039fb8b779be8fc165bac575d2cda. CC BY 4.0; selected coordinates, rounded for regional orientation
02Spanish batata is Antillean in origin, possibly Taíno.
Source
Batata — etymologyReal Academia Española / ASALE, Diccionario de la lengua españolaEtymology and noun senses
Source passage
Source summary · not a quotation
The sweet-potato word batata is assigned an Antillean origin, possibly Taíno.
Etymology and noun senses
Qualification Qualified
The exact Taíno attribution is qualified by the DLE.
What Lexography infers
Keep the conventional source label expressly proposed, without a precise origin claim.
Checked 2026-09-14. Linked publication retains its rights; brief attributed factual paraphrases only.
03Glottolog supplies the reference coordinates for Spanish.
Source
Glottolog 5.3 — language reference coordinatesHammarström, Forkel, Haspelmath & Bank; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLanguageTable row stan1288
Source passage
Reference record
stan1288 · Spanish · Latitude 40.4414 · Longitude -1.11788
LanguageTable row stan1288; Name, Latitude, Longitude
Qualification Reference only
Language reference coordinates, not a word origin, borrowing site, historical territory or population distribution.
What Lexography infers
Use this point only to orient Spanish reference region; no historical movement is inferred.
Checked 2026-09-11 · revision 072ca0d0410039fb8b779be8fc165bac575d2cda. CC BY 4.0; selected coordinates, rounded for regional orientation
04Spanish patata is analyzed as a blend, not simply an unchanged Taíno loan.
Source
Patata — etymologyReal Academia Española / ASALE, Diccionario de la lengua españolaEtymology
Source passage
Source summary · not a quotation
The entry analyzes Spanish patata as a crossing of papa and batata.
Etymology
Qualification Source-supported
English transmission is supported by the existing English sources; this Spanish entry supplies no borrowing date.
What Lexography infers
Separate the two Spanish inputs.
Checked 2026-09-14. Linked publication retains its rights; brief attributed factual paraphrases only.
05Glottolog supplies the reference coordinates for English.
Source
Glottolog 5.3 — language reference coordinatesHammarström, Forkel, Haspelmath & Bank; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLanguageTable row stan1293
Source passage
Reference record
stan1293 · English · Latitude 53.0 · Longitude -1.0
LanguageTable row stan1293; Name, Latitude, Longitude
Qualification Reference only
Language reference coordinates, not a word origin, borrowing site, historical territory or population distribution.
What Lexography infers
Use this point only to orient English reference region / Britain; no historical movement is inferred.
Checked 2026-09-11 · revision 072ca0d0410039fb8b779be8fc165bac575d2cda. CC BY 4.0; selected coordinates, rounded for regional orientation
06English potato is dated to the 1560s for sweet potato, from Spanish patata.
Source
potato — EtymologyOnline Etymology Dictionarypotato(n.)
Source passage
Source summary · not a quotation
English potato is dated to the 1560s for sweet potato, from Spanish patata.
potato(n.)
Qualification Qualified
The 1560s date is the English word context for sweet potato, not the arrival date of every cultivar.
What Lexography infers
Display the original English name sense before the white-potato extension.
Checked 2026-09-14. Linked source retains its copyright. Brief original factual paraphrases only; no full article redistributed.
07The English entry supplies regional potato readings.
Source
Wiktionary — potatoWiktionary contributorsEnglish > Pronunciation
Source passage
Source summary · not a quotation
The English entry supplies regional potato readings.
English > Pronunciation
Qualification Source-supported
The cited section supports this bounded lexical statement; it does not establish every use, date or transmission event.
What Lexography infers
Lexography selects this account for the named form or sense; wording and presentation are editorial.
Checked 2026-09-14. Wiktionary CC BY-SA 4.0 / GFDL; current page inspected, attributed summaries only; no full article redistributed.
08Glottolog supplies the reference coordinates for English.
Source
Glottolog 5.3 — language reference coordinatesHammarström, Forkel, Haspelmath & Bank; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLanguageTable row stan1293
Source passage
Reference record
stan1293 · English · Latitude 53.0 · Longitude -1.0
LanguageTable row stan1293; Name, Latitude, Longitude
Qualification Reference only
Language reference coordinates, not a word origin, borrowing site, historical territory or population distribution.
What Lexography infers
Use this point only to orient English reference region / Britain; no historical movement is inferred.
Checked 2026-09-11 · revision 072ca0d0410039fb8b779be8fc165bac575d2cda. CC BY 4.0; selected coordinates, rounded for regional orientation
09By the 1590s the name extended to the common white potato, native to Peru, through resemblance between edible tubers.
Source
potato — EtymologyOnline Etymology Dictionarypotato(n.)
Source passage
Source summary · not a quotation
By the 1590s the name extended to the common white potato, native to Peru, through resemblance between edible tubers.
potato(n.)
Qualification Qualified
This is a semantic extension of the name and not evidence that the white potato is descended from the sweet potato.
What Lexography infers
Separate naming history from plant history and preserve the Andes context without adding a Quechua intermediary.
Checked 2026-09-14. Linked source retains its copyright. Brief original factual paraphrases only; no full article redistributed.
10The English entry supplies regional potato readings.
Source
Wiktionary — potatoWiktionary contributorsEnglish > Pronunciation
Source passage
Source summary · not a quotation
The English entry supplies regional potato readings.
English > Pronunciation
Qualification Source-supported
The cited section supports this bounded lexical statement; it does not establish every use, date or transmission event.
What Lexography infers
Lexography selects this account for the named form or sense; wording and presentation are editorial.
Checked 2026-09-14. Wiktionary CC BY-SA 4.0 / GFDL; current page inspected, attributed summaries only; no full article redistributed.
11Spanish papa comes from Quechua papa and contributes to Spanish patata.
Source
Papa — potato homographReal Academia Española / ASALE, Diccionario de la lengua españolapapa², etymology and noun senses
Source passage
Source summary · not a quotation
The potato homograph papa is derived from Quechua papa.
papa², etymology and noun senses
Qualification Qualified
The specific Quechua variety and borrowing date are not established.
What Lexography infers
Do not draw a direct Quechua-to-English edge.
Checked 2026-09-14. Linked publication retains its rights; brief attributed factual paraphrases only.
12Spanish patata combines the Spanish words papa and batata.
Source
Patata — etymologyReal Academia Española / ASALE, Diccionario de la lengua españolaEtymology
Source passage
Source summary · not a quotation
The entry analyzes Spanish patata as a crossing of papa and batata.
Etymology
Qualification Source-supported
The DLE establishes an analysis, not a dated formation event or an uninterrupted chronology into English.
What Lexography infers
Represent the contributors at the Spanish level.
Checked 2026-09-14. Linked publication retains its rights; brief attributed factual paraphrases only.
13The inspected entry supports the retained conventional reading for patata.
Source
Wiktionary — potatoWiktionary contributorsBatch 05 reading inspection for patata
Source passage
Source summary · not a quotation
The inspected entry was checked for a conventional reading of patata; Batch 05 retains the guide as a present-day or conventional language reading and does not project it backward as historical pronunciation.
Batch 05 reading inspection for patata
Qualification Source-supported
The inspected passage supports this bounded statement; it does not establish every use, date or transfer event.
What Lexography infers
Lexography retains the inspected evidence at the stated scope and does not promote contextual history into lexical ancestry.
Checked 2026-09-14. Wiktionary CC BY-SA 4.0 / GFDL; current page inspected, attributed summaries only; no full article redistributed.
14Glottolog supplies a reference coordinate for Quechua.
Source
Glottolog 5.3 — language reference coordinatesHammarström, Forkel, Haspelmath & Bank; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLanguageTable reference row for Quechua
Source passage
Source summary · not a quotation
Quechua · Latitude -13 · Longitude -72
LanguageTable reference row for Quechua
Qualification Reference only
Language reference coordinates orient the map; they are not lexical birthplaces, borrowing sites or historical territories.
What Lexography infers
Lexography retains the inspected evidence at the stated scope and does not promote contextual history into lexical ancestry.
Checked 2026-09-11 · revision 072ca0d0410039fb8b779be8fc165bac575d2cda. CC BY 4.0; selected coordinates, rounded for regional orientation
15Glottolog supplies a reference coordinate for Spanish.
Source
Glottolog 5.3 — language reference coordinatesHammarström, Forkel, Haspelmath & Bank; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLanguageTable row stan1288; Name, Latitude, Longitude
Source passage
Reference record
stan1288 · Spanish · Latitude 40.4414 · Longitude -1.11788
LanguageTable row stan1288; Name, Latitude, Longitude
Qualification Reference only
Language reference coordinates orient the map; they are not lexical birthplaces, borrowing sites or historical territories.
What Lexography infers
Lexography retains the inspected evidence at the stated scope and does not promote contextual history into lexical ancestry.
Checked 2026-09-11 · revision 072ca0d0410039fb8b779be8fc165bac575d2cda. CC BY 4.0; selected coordinates, rounded for regional orientation
16The inspected entry supports the retained conventional reading for batata.
Source
Wiktionary — potatoWiktionary contributorsBatch 05 reading inspection for batata
Source passage
Source summary · not a quotation
The inspected entry was checked for a conventional reading of batata; Batch 05 retains the guide as a present-day or conventional language reading and does not project it backward as historical pronunciation.
Batch 05 reading inspection for batata
Qualification Source-supported
The inspected passage supports this bounded statement; it does not establish every use, date or transfer event.
What Lexography infers
Lexography retains the inspected evidence at the stated scope and does not promote contextual history into lexical ancestry.
Checked 2026-09-14. Wiktionary CC BY-SA 4.0 / GFDL; current page inspected, attributed summaries only; no full article redistributed.
17Glottolog supplies a reference coordinate for Spanish.
Source
Glottolog 5.3 — language reference coordinatesHammarström, Forkel, Haspelmath & Bank; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLanguageTable row stan1288; Name, Latitude, Longitude
Source passage
Reference record
stan1288 · Spanish · Latitude 40.4414 · Longitude -1.11788
LanguageTable row stan1288; Name, Latitude, Longitude
Qualification Reference only
Language reference coordinates orient the map; they are not lexical birthplaces, borrowing sites or historical territories.
What Lexography infers
Lexography retains the inspected evidence at the stated scope and does not promote contextual history into lexical ancestry.
Checked 2026-09-11 · revision 072ca0d0410039fb8b779be8fc165bac575d2cda. CC BY 4.0; selected coordinates, rounded for regional orientation
18The inspected entry supports the retained conventional reading for papa.
Source
Wiktionary — potatoWiktionary contributorsBatch 05 reading inspection for papa
Source passage
Source summary · not a quotation
The inspected entry was checked for a conventional reading of papa; Batch 05 retains the guide as a present-day or conventional language reading and does not project it backward as historical pronunciation.
Batch 05 reading inspection for papa
Qualification Source-supported
The inspected passage supports this bounded statement; it does not establish every use, date or transfer event.
What Lexography infers
Lexography retains the inspected evidence at the stated scope and does not promote contextual history into lexical ancestry.
Checked 2026-09-14. Wiktionary CC BY-SA 4.0 / GFDL; current page inspected, attributed summaries only; no full article redistributed.
19English potatoes is reported for the sweet potato in John Hawkins's 1565 account.
Source
David Miklos — The Dialects of Spanish: A Lexical Introduction (2021), potatoCambridge University Press; publisher previewPreview p. 9, English chronology
Source passage
Source summary · not a quotation
Citing OED evidence, the chapter dates English potatoes for sweet potato to John Hawkins in 1565 and the first known English use for the common potato to Gerard's 1597 Herball.
Preview p. 9, lines 589–603
Qualification Qualified
This is a dated lexical witness reported or displayed by the retained source; it does not date coinage, oral transmission, crop movement or domestication.
What Lexography infers
Use 1565 as a cited written witness for the sweet-potato sense.
Checked 2026-09-21. Brief factual paraphrases from the inspected publisher preview; no chapter text redistributed.
20Gerard's 1597 Herball is reported as the first known English potato use for Solanum tuberosum.
Source
David Miklos — The Dialects of Spanish: A Lexical Introduction (2021), potatoCambridge University Press; publisher previewPreview p. 9, English chronology
Source passage
Source summary · not a quotation
Citing OED evidence, the chapter dates English potatoes for sweet potato to John Hawkins in 1565 and the first known English use for the common potato to Gerard's 1597 Herball.
Preview p. 9, lines 589–603
Qualification Qualified
This is a dated lexical witness reported or displayed by the retained source; it does not date coinage, oral transmission, crop movement or domestication.
What Lexography infers
Use 1597 as a cited written witness for the common-potato sense.
Checked 2026-09-21. Brief factual paraphrases from the inspected publisher preview; no chapter text redistributed.
21Peter Martyr d'Anghiera is reported using batatas in Spain in 1516.
Source
David Miklos — The Dialects of Spanish: A Lexical Introduction (2021), potatoCambridge University Press; publisher previewPreview pp. 8–9, Spanish chronology
Source passage
Source summary · not a quotation
The chapter reports Spanish papa from 1540, batatas in Spain in 1516, and Spanish patata as a batata variant in both OED and CORDE evidence from 1526.
Preview pp. 8–9, lines 515–569
Qualification Qualified
This is a dated lexical witness reported or displayed by the retained source; it does not date coinage, oral transmission, crop movement or domestication.
What Lexography infers
Use 1516 as a cited Spanish written-use bound.
Checked 2026-09-21. Brief factual paraphrases from the inspected publisher preview; no chapter text redistributed.
22OED and CORDE evidence is reported for Spanish patata as a batata variant in 1526.
Source
David Miklos — The Dialects of Spanish: A Lexical Introduction (2021), potatoCambridge University Press; publisher previewPreview pp. 8–9, Spanish chronology
Source passage
Source summary · not a quotation
The chapter reports Spanish papa from 1540, batatas in Spain in 1516, and Spanish patata as a batata variant in both OED and CORDE evidence from 1526.
Preview pp. 8–9, lines 515–569
Qualification Qualified
This is a dated lexical witness reported or displayed by the retained source; it does not date coinage, oral transmission, crop movement or domestication.
What Lexography infers
Use 1526 as a cited Spanish written witness for the sweet-potato sense.
Checked 2026-09-21. Brief factual paraphrases from the inspected publisher preview; no chapter text redistributed.
23DCECH is reported to document Spanish papa from Quechua in 1540.
Source
David Miklos — The Dialects of Spanish: A Lexical Introduction (2021), potatoCambridge University Press; publisher previewPreview p. 8, Spanish chronology
Source passage
Source summary · not a quotation
The chapter reports Spanish papa from 1540, batatas in Spain in 1516, and Spanish patata as a batata variant in both OED and CORDE evidence from 1526.
Preview pp. 8–9, lines 515–569
Qualification Qualified
This is a dated lexical witness reported or displayed by the retained source; it does not date coinage, oral transmission, crop movement or domestication.
What Lexography infers
Use 1540 as a cited Spanish written witness, not a Quechua origin date.
Checked 2026-09-21. Brief factual paraphrases from the inspected publisher preview; no chapter text redistributed.
24The 1560 Quechua–Castilian lexicon records papa as an earth tuber.
Source
Domingo de Santo Tomás — Lexicon o Vocabulario de la lengua general del Perú (1560)Historical Quechua–Castilian lexicon; digitized editionQuechua–Castilian papa entry
Source passage
Source summary · not a quotation
The 1560 Quechua–Castilian lexicon records papa and glosses it as an earth tuber. This is a dated lexical witness, not a date of origin or domestication.
Quechua–Castilian lexicon, papa entry
Qualification Qualified
This is a dated lexical witness reported or displayed by the retained source; it does not date coinage, oral transmission, crop movement or domestication.
What Lexography infers
Use the lexicon publication as a dated Quechua lexical witness, not an origin date.
Checked 2026-09-21. Public-domain historical lexical record, represented by a brief factual paraphrase.
25A recent Cambridge account challenges the DLE papa-plus-batata blend analysis because early batata and patata both denoted sweet potato before the cited Spanish papa record.
Source
David Miklos — The Dialects of Spanish: A Lexical Introduction (2021), potatoCambridge University Press; publisher previewPreview pp. 8–10, route analysis
Source passage
Source summary · not a quotation
The author disputes the DLE papa-plus-batata blend analysis on chronological grounds, arguing that early batata and patata both denoted sweet potato before Spanish papa was recorded; possible later English influence on the common-potato sense is presented as a hypothesis.
Preview pp. 8–10, lines 523–583 and 609–631
Qualification Alternative account
The DLE blend remains a retained dictionary analysis. The competing chronological argument is displayed rather than silently substituted as settled fact.
What Lexography infers
Keep both incoming contributors visible, but downgrade papa-to-patata from documented to alternative and describe batata-to-patata as the chronologically supported path.
Checked 2026-09-21. Brief factual paraphrases from the inspected publisher preview; no chapter text redistributed.